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Twist or uncomfortably rotate your ankle. This can stretch or tear the rugged bands of tissue (ligaments) that help hold the ankle bones together.
Ligaments help stabilize joints, preventing excessive movement. An ankle sprain occurs when the ligaments remain forced beyond their normal range of motion. Most sprained ankles involve injuries to the ligaments on the outside of the ankle.
Treatment for a sprained ankle is contingent on the harshness of the injury. While self-care measures and over-the-counter pain relievers may be all you need, a medical evaluation may be necessary to reveal your sprained ankle’s severity and determine the appropriate treatment.
The signs and symptoms of a sprained ankle vary depending on the severity of the injury. They may include:
Call your doctor if you have ankle pain and swelling and suspect a sprain. If your signs and symptoms are severe, you may have significant ligament damage or a broken bone in your ankle or lower leg. Self-care measures may remain all you need but talk to your doctor about whether your ankle should remain evaluated.
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Sports participation. Ankle sprains are a common sports injury, especially in sports that need jumping, cutting, rolling, or twisting the foot, such as basketball, tennis, soccer, and trail running.
Uneven surfaces. Walking or running on rough surfaces or in poor field conditions can increase the risk of spraining your ankle.
Previous ankle injury. When you’ve sprained your ankle or had another type of ankle injury, you’re more likely to sprain it again.
Poor physical condition. Poor ankle strength or flexibility can increase the risk of a sprain when participating in sports.
Inappropriate shoes. Shoes that don’t fit well or aren’t appropriate for activity and heels, in general, make your ankles more vulnerable to injury.
Avoid activities that cause pain, swelling or discomfort. Ice. Use an ice pack or ice slush bath immediately for 15 to 20 minutes and repeat every two to three hours while you’re awake. If you have vascular disease, diabetes or decreased sensation, talk with your doctor before applying ice.
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